How to format a business document

How to format a business document Hook your reader: 5 killer formatting tips to get your document read Theres nothing like it, is there? That satisfying moment when you finally finish the document youve been working on for days. Youve done the research, youve marshalled your facts and youve made it through the hardest part: getting it down on paper. Job done. But hold on. Before you attach it to an email, send it and celebrate, ask yourself: how does it look? Your documents presentation may seem like a small point. Yet it could be the difference between your hard work being read and acted on or it being put aside for a later that never comes. You may well have been hunched over a hot keyboard slaving away on it all week. Its only natural that you should think its a must-read, which would capture the readers attention even if it were printed on the back of a till receipt from Lidl. But dont be fooled. Very few documents genuinely fall into that category – especially in a world where too much information is more of a problem than too little. The appearance of your document is the first impression your would-be reader gets. So it needs to hook them in and encourage them to read on. Theres nothing very enticing about a wall of text, tiny fonts or endless tables. We talk a lot on this blog about how to make your writing more readable. But no matter how compelling your words may be, theyll be wasted if they go unread. So here are five proven document-formatting techniques that will stop your work being thrown back into the sea of other discarded documents and make sure what youve written actually gets read. 1) White space is not wasted space White space is simply anywhere on the page where there is no text or images. Dont be fooled into thinking this space is wasted. Wider margins are your friend. They reduce the length of each individual line of text, making your writing easier for your readers eyes to scan. And they create mental breathing space* that makes the whole document more pleasant to read. *(We know thats not a thing, but you get the idea.) Newspapers have been using this trick for a very long time – its why they use narrow columns. Pick up a newspaper and youll probably find yourself tempted to read something on the page, and the easy-to-read appearance of the text in narrow columns is a big reason for this. Of course, most of us have been tempted at some point to make a documents margins narrower and lines of text longer, in order to reduce the overall length. So a document that was once three-and-a-half pages will instantly become a nice round three. (We even had one client proudly tell us how consultants had redesigned their templates to reduce margins down to a minimum, to save paper.) But this is a bad idea. Yes, youll hand over a document with fewer pages – but every one of those pages will look less professional and be more difficult to read. Better to use more paper than waste all of it. So avoid the temptation to squeeze as much text onto a page as possible – your reader will thank you for it. Were not suggesting that you use newspaper-like columns; just that you consider making the margins a bit wider and the body text a little narrower than you might otherwise do. 2) Use fonts well Our top tip on this topic is to avoid overthinking it. There are lots of business-appropriate fonts available. Youre faced with lots of good choices, so youre unlikely to go far wrong. Weve written about the best fonts for business documents in more detail before, but heres a quick summary: Both serif fonts (eg Garamond or Times New Roman) or sans-serif fonts (eg Helvetica or Arial) are fine for business documents. Try pairing fonts: use one kind of font for the headlines and subheads, and another for the body text. If youre using a serif font for the body text, try using a sans-serif font for the headlines, or vice versa. And resist the urge to use too many different fonts: no more than two on a page is a good rule of thumb. You can also try pairing two fonts from the same font family; for example, using Lucida Bright for the headings and Lucida Sans for the body text. 3) Use headlines and subheads as signposts Headlines and subheads are crucial signposts for the reader. Used effectively, they can summarise the entire story of a document by themselves and guide the reader through your most important points. They also break up large blocks of text, which can be hugely off-putting. Format headlines and subheads in bold (and in a larger font size if you like). In the documents we analyse for participants in our courses, we often see people using underline for subheads (or bold and underline). But this isnt necessary and can look cluttered or old-fashioned. Bold is enough by itself. We also frequently see people using subheads that are an equal distance from the paragraph that preceded them and the paragraph that comes after them. This gives the subheads the appearance of floating halfway between the two paragraphs.  So make sure there is more space before a subhead than there is below it. This will make clear that the subhead is for the paragraph below it. 4) Use lists and tables carefully Lists are an effective way to draw the eye, but thats probably why theyre frequently overused. Always bear in mind that each extra list that you add reduces the impact of every other list on the page. Some documents even consist mainly of lists – probably because theyre easy to write. But whats easier for the author is much harder for the reader. Such documents are disjointed and therefore usually difficult to follow. Tables are often a handy substitute for lists, as well as a neat way to format straightforward information. Theyre especially useful if you need to compare two or more things directly, against the same criteria. (For example, you might need to compare sales figures or possible outcomes of different courses of action.) When formatting tables, avoid using gridlines that run close to the text. Instead, insert space above and below it (using the paragraph formatting menu, if youre using Microsoft Word). And experiment with taking out vertical – or even all – internal gridlines. The extra space around the information should make it easier to read. You can differentiate long rows by shading every other one. In Word, you can do this by going to Table tools → Design. 5) Draw attention with boxes Boxes can form a vital entry-point into your document. Do you have a fact or piece of information that you know will interest your reader? A box will help you make the most of that. On the other hand, boxes are also a good place to put information that doesnt easily fit into the natural flow of your body text. Remember that a box needs to make sense on its own, as it will probably be read before the main text. You can make a box stand out by giving it a different font to the rest of the text (but remember to stick to a maximum of two fonts in your document), or by using background shading. And, as ever, remember to give the text plenty of space (white or otherwise) around it. Text crammed inside a small box will look very uninviting, defeating the point of separating it from the rest of the document. No design experience needed You might be surprised at the big impact small tweaks like these can have. So keep these simple rules in mind when you write your next document. When youve put them in place, youll have a much more readable document to hand over. And, when youre finished, you really will be able to say, job done. Image credit: Rapala fishing lures by Chau kar Man used under CC BY-NC-SA / cropped from original

Icebreaker Games for the First Day of Drama Class

Icebreaker Games for the First Day of Drama Class At the beginning of every semester, a drama teacher has a difficult challenge. How does one get twenty-three complete strangers to quickly become friends and colleagues? Circle icebreakers help students and teachers learn names, project voices, and express themselves. Each one of these activities provides an entertaining experience. The games may be simple enough for elementary students, but teens will have just as much fun, if not more! There are many variations of these activities, but the first and foremost step is to form a circle so that all of the participants can clearly see one another. Name Game This is an ideal first-day activity. Each person announces her name while stepping forward and striking a pose that reflects her personality. For example, Emily might hop out, angle her arms like an Egyptian hieroglyphic and joyously shout, â€Å"Emily!† Then, everyone else jumps forward and copies Emily’s voice and movement. Afterward, the circle returns to normal, and then it’s on to the next person. It’s a great way for everyone to introduce themselves. World's Greatest Sandwich In this fun memory game, the players sit in a circle. One person begins by saying his/her name and then states what ingredient goes on the sandwich. Example: My name is Kevin, and the worlds greatest sandwich has pickles. The next person in the circle announces their name and says Kevins ingredient as well as her own. Hi, my name is Sarah, and the worlds greatest sandwich has pickles and popcorn. If the instructor chooses, everyone can chant along as the sandwich grows. The last time I played this game, we ended up with a Pickle-popcorn-meatball-chocolate-syrup-grass-eyeball-lettuce-pixie dust sandwich. This activity helps the students build memorization skills. And finally, have the kids pantomime taking a bite. Whoozit For this game, one person is chosen to be the â€Å"Seeker.† After that person leaves the room, another person is chosen to be the â€Å"Whoozit.† This player makes constant rhythmic motions that change every twenty seconds or so. For example, first, the Whoozit might clap his hands, then snap fingers, then pat his head. The other circle members discretely follow along. The Seeker then enters, hoping to figure out which student is the Whoozit. Standing in the middle of the circle, she gets three guesses while the Whoozit tries his best to constantly switch actions without being noticed. [Note: this is essentially the same game as Indian Chief, though the name is more politically correct!] Rhyme Time In this fast-paced game, the instructor stands in the center of the circle. She names a setting and a situation. Then, she points to one of the players at random. Using improvisation skills, the player begins telling a story with a single sentence. For example, he might say, â€Å"I just found out I have a long: â€Å"I guess Mom tossed a coin and my Bro didn’t win.† The rhymes are couplets, so the next chosen player creates a new line of the story with a new sound. The improvised tale goes on until a student fails to produce a rhyme. Then he sits in the middle of the circle. This goes on until the circle shrinks down to one or two champions. Instructors should make certain to increase the speed as the game progresses. Players may want to prohibit tricky words like orange, purple and month.

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example It should always be borne in mind that the above-mentioned factors are subject to change and uncertainty and likewise Hengist House is not immune to change hence the need to have up-to-date information about their business environment if they are serious about its development. Whilst Brenda and Phillip may want to believe that their business is flourishing by virtue of a large number of visitors they get each year, a close analysis of their business shows that it is operating below capacity to a certain extent. As a result of underutilization of other vast facilities, their property is not earning them the maximum capacity it should be considering that it used to be a successful farm as well as tourist attraction. Indeed, the place is endowed with the resources that can generate large amounts of revenue if properly utilized and carefully marketed. It seems there is no proper planning the reason why some of the facilities that can be used to generate income are being underutilized. For instance, there are winter bulbs that flowered under the trees each February and even into March but nothing much was ever done to them by way of feeding or other care but they are among the most attractive features at the place. With proper planning and marketing of the plac e, there is no need for applying for grants or loans to develop the area but it would generate its own revenue that can be in turn used to spruce up the image of the place. Their place looks as if it is neglected hence may not appeal to many people. Winter tourism has great potential for business and Brenda and Philip have the property endowed with all qualities necessary for the business to flourish like all other property owners but they had little planning to harness this kind of business. In the absence of proper marketing strategies in place, though the owners would like to believe that they are making handsome business, it can still be argued that they are not using their competitive advantage compared to other competitors in the area.

Google Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google - Case Study Example rnment’s stringent laws, Google agreement for self censorship is the right alternative as it provides it with option to tap the huge market for its other products like android services. Hence, I agree with Schmidt that some information is better than no information. Schmidt is right in his assertion as Google is a business proposition with the basic objective of disseminating information. In the contemporary environment of global competition, changes within business strategy become essential and decision to self censor in China is part of its strategy for global expansion. Google’s decision therefore is right conforms to its wider objective of business goals and mission. While Google’s business strategy is fundamentally based on free access to full information, it has to forego its principle of providing full access to information as per guidelines and restrictions of Chinese government. Hence, the Chinese customers cannot access information that is deemed objectionable by the Chinese government. But in the highly competitive global business, China presents huge scope of business expansion and therefore its decision to self censor is

Macbeth - The Breaking Ball Of Clay :: essays research papers

A conscience and will power are all things we develop over a period of time. You are born pure, like an unshaped ball of clay that is just waiting for a sculpture to shape you. Everything you come into contact with, everyone that helps you grow up and everyone one that you meet seem to take a turn on how you are going to turn out in life. You, a ball of clay is shaped and the person you are today is formed. Although many things change through life, some traights you never thought you had may become apparent or you might acquire new ones. Such is the case with William Shakespeare's Macbeth. The lead character of this play is faced with many decisions and tempted by greed for the throne of Scotland. Many factors affect Macbeth and he slowly rips, committing himself to evil. Banquo and Macbeth meet three witches after defending Scotland against a rebellion. These witches represent evil and they are messengers of the devil. They are one of the factors that affect Macbeth and cause him to enter into a life of evil. They had fought nobly and were very excited. They could not believe their eyes and ask if they had "eaten from the insane root" and were having hallucinations. The witches prophesize that Macbeth, Thane of Fife will soon earn the title, Thane of Cawdor and after that become king of Scotland. Macbeth is "wrapt" in thought about this. At first he wonders if this oracle has any merit. But the true thought of it makes him wonder and starts his early thoughts of conspiracy. He expresses these thoughts to his wife, Lady Macbeth, in a letter. Macbeth rides in a hurry to get home on his horse to talk to Lady Macbeth about her thoughts on the matter. She is totally convinced that Macbeth should kill the king and take his thrown. However Malcolm, the King's son, has already been crowned Prince of Cumberland. Macbeth sees this and drops most thoughts of conspiracy. Lady Macbeth sees this and convinces herself to convince him to commit this crime. She uses a bombardment of arguments to do this against Macbeth. She questions his man hood, and talks about what she would do if she were in his position. Ruthlessly describing scenes of a hardened heart, Lady Macbeth becomes the major factor on Macbeth's decision.

Semantic and phonetic interference in memory recall

Additionally, a significant difference was visible between all three conditions, with the semantic and honesty conditions scoring a lower recall level in comparison to the controlled condition. Introduction The active difference between short-term memory and long-term memory is anything but exact. Although, there is an understanding that long-term memory is being examined when a list is displayed several occasions over an interval of time calculated in minutes and recalling is measured after minutes, hours and days, and short-term memory is being examined when a list is displayed once and at a rate of fewer than 30 seconds.Within cognition a key question is whether information is forgotten due to a function of time. A strong amount of research proposes that information is not forgotten due to time, but as a result of interference (see, e. G. , Lavabo, Annoys, & Masters, 2002; Neat & Surprising, 2003; Bureau & Kiel, 2006). However, many academics have thought that unrehearsed informat ion is forgotten over several seconds (e. G. , Biddable, 1986; Tows, Hitch, & Hutting, 2000), since supported theories (e. . , Biddable & Scott, 1971; Cowan, Nugent, Elliot, & Greer, 2000; Mueller, Seymour, Sierras, & Meyer, 2003). The matter continues to be uncertain. Our skill to selectively remember earlier information is a vital specs of our long-term memory system. Prior research proposed that in many circumstances individuals have the ability of selectively seeking information in memory, preceding to their subsequent remembrance.Even with research for this skill to selectively seek information from our memory, we still do not have much information on how we actually achieve this complex task. Able and Bump's (2013) research focuses on participants revising items from different categories and then continually recalling specific items from specific categories, recall rehearsal normally increases recall of he rehearsed information although impairs retrieval of associated but unre hearsed information, relative to manage information from unrehearsed categories.The results displayed the belief that memory impairment following extended intervals between practice and test and in the occurrence of retroactive interference. In opposition, both the rehearsed and the related unrehearsed information displayed barely any failure to remember under these conditions. Unshorn, Brewer and Spillers' (2013) conflicting study observed the impact of proactive and retroactive interference on memory Argentina, examining how individuals concentrate their search on a target list when accompanied by proactive or retroactive interference.Results showed that long-term memory targeting is steered by noisy temporal-contextual cues (unless other salient cues are current) that trigger equally relevant and irrelevant memoranda that are then exposed to a post recovery supervising process; these findings challenge the results from Able and Bump's (2013) study. This research among other findi ngs (see, e. G. , Lavabo, Annoys, & Masters, 2002; Neat & Surprising, 2003; Bureau & Kiel, 2006; Unshorn, Brewer & Spillers', 201 3) motives the present study.This research examines not only the question of whether there will be a difference between semantic and phonetic interference during memory recall, but also if the results will show a significant difference between the retroactive interference conditions and the controlled condition. Additionally, this study has also been motivated due to there not being prior research comparing semantic interference and phonetic interference in memory recall. The hypothesis of this study is there will be a significant difference between semantic interference and phonetic interference in memory recall.Methods Design In this experimental study, a between participant design was utilized to examine the difference between the effect of semantic and phonetic words on the memory recall of a list of words. The independent variable was the type of ret roactive words used (semantic and phonetic). The dependent variable was the amount Of items correctly recalled from a list Of 1 5 words. Participants A sample of 30 student volunteers were employed from Nottingham Trend University, ASK. 15 male and 15 Female participants were used, in an age angel of 18-21 years old.The mean age of the participants was 19. 5. Materials The stimuli consisted of a list of fifteen words. All three conditions consisted of the same fifteen words, although condition two consisted of another fifteen semantic words (See Appendix Two) and condition three consisted of another fifteen phonetic words (See Appendix Three). One mark was awarded for each correct memorized word. Procedure All student partakers were separately put in a room where they were requested to complete a consent form prior to partaking in the current study (See Appendix Four).The partakers were presented with presentation slides matching to their condition. Partakers in condition one were e xplained, The next slide will display fifteen words, they will appear for four seconds each, separately. Please memories as many words as you possibly can'. A one minute interval was given then partakers were asked to recall as many words as they could on paper. Partakers in condition two and three were explained, The next slide will display fifteen words, and you will then be shown another 15 words, they will appear for four seconds each, separately.Please only memories words from the first slides shown'. A one minute interval was given then partakers were asked to recall as many words from slide one as they could on paper. Condition two's second set of words were semantic words and condition three's second set of words where phonetic. One mark was given for every correct word recalled. After the task was finished, partakers were asked if they had any questions before being debriefed about the study. Rest Its Table 1 shows the mean number of words correctly recalled, standard devia tion and range for each condition.The findings show that those in indention two (semantic) and condition three (phonetic) recalled less words than in the controlled condition. Additionally, there was a significant difference from those in condition two (semantic) and condition three (phonetic). Therefore, it is clear that retroactive interference had an impact on number of target items being correctly recalled. Table 1 : Descriptive Statistics for scores on the number of words correctly recalled in each condition. Mean SD Ra Eng Condition 1 10. 60 1 . 34 10 Condition 2 Condition 3 9. 20 7. 10 1 . 03 1 . 6 A one-way NOVA was carried out to compare condition one; a list of 15 rods (mean = 10. 60, standard deviation = 1. 34), condition two; semantic words, (mean = 9. 20, standard deviation = 1. 03), and condition three; phonetic words, (mean = 7. 10, standard deviation = 1. 86) on the number of words that were correctly recalled. The results showed there was a significant difference be tween the groups, F(2, 27) = 21. 54, p = 0. 001 Post hoc analysis, using Bonfire corrected appraise comparisons, found that all three conditions had a significant difference in comparison to each condition.Discussion The results from the descriptive statistics (see table 1) were fairly draughtswoman, representing a distinct interference in relations of both semantic and phonetic interference. Particularly, in comparison to the controlled condition, condition two and three were associated with lower recall levels, suggesting that the presence of a non-target list presented after the target list interfered with the recall of target items. Additionally, as put forward by Shuffling (Bibb), retroactive interference effects were of a comparable scale across the measures of importance.These findings are consistent with the previously stated hypothesis drawn upon in the introduction that there will be a difference between the semantic and phonetic interference on memory recall. Supporting r esearch (Unshorn, Brewer and Spillers, 201 3) suggests that participants can usually mentally recall the information from the target list, however due to a certain amount of doubt regarding which items were really shown in the target list in relation to the interference list, participants create a wider selection to make sure that the target items will be incorporated in the search set.Therefore, likelihood of accurate recall is lowered when recollecting from the target list (controlled indention) due to non-target list items are added in to search set. Also, this interpretation calculates that the search set will be placed on the target list, although items shown in close time-based proximity to the target list will likewise be added in the search set. Overall, this concept is very much consistent with our findings.Future research is required to grasp an improved understanding with regards to the conditions wherein the search set can and cannot be focused on only target items, the procedures that are employed in order to recall context for events while trying to avoid only pending solely on the present context, and how partakers utilizes context to observe the results of retrieval and how this affects managing decisions during recall.

My Life Of A Licensed Minister Through My Community Church

I am a 45 year old African American woman living in Atlanta Georgia. I am a mother of a 23 year old daughter, and a grandmother of an 11 month old grandson. Presently, I work and attend college in hopes of getting accepted into the BSW program. I am an extremely sociable, outgoing and ambitious person who strives to help others in any way that I can. I am seeking to take the necessary steps to become a licensed minister through my community church. Additionally, I lead various spiritual gatherings to assist the needs of a diverse group of people. Infancy and Childhood My mother was a housewife therefore, she cared for me daily. I was a clingy baby requiring a lot of attention when I was an infant. I enjoyed eating and I forced my parents to feed me frequently. However, when I learned to crawl and walk, which was earlier than expected, I set out to independently explore every aspect of my living environment. Unfortunately, my need to explore led me into areas forbidden territory. When I was 6 years old I wandered into the kitchen while nobody was looking. Consequently, I pulled a pot off the stove that was full of hot water. I was rushed the hospital, amazingly I didn’t suffer any burns or scars, but I do remember the pain to this day. Adolescence Adolescence is between 12 and 18 years of age, and is considered a time of change. At this stage in life, puberty takes place. In addition, adolescents strive to develop their personal identity and a sense of self. This wasShow MoreRelatedMy Beliefs As A Christian And Reflection On The Sacraments Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesiii.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My Beliefs as a Christian and Reflection on the Sacraments: I believe that God has revealed God’s self to humans in three person of trinity – The father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and my personal Lord and Savior. I believe the Bible is the inspired Word of God. 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